Fitri
Andriyani
6th
Semester
Teaching Methodology
Cooperative learning is a
successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of
different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve
their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only
for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating
an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all
group members successfully understand and complete it. Cooperative efforts
result in participants striving for mutual benefit so that all group members:
a.
Gain
from each other's efforts (your success benefits me and my success benefits
you)
b.
Recognize
that all group members share a common fate (we all sink or swim together here)
c.
Know
that one's performance is mutually caused by oneself and one's team members (we
cannot do it without you)
d.
Feel
proud and jointly celebrate when a group member is recognized for achievement
(we all congratulate you on your accomplishment)
Research has shown that
cooperative learning techniques:
a.
Promote
student learning and academic achievement
b.
Increase
student retention
c.
Enhance
student satisfaction with their learning experience
d.
Help
students develop skills in oral communication
e.
Develop
students' social skills
f.
Promote
student self-esteem
g.
Help
to promote positive race relations
Elements of Cooperative
Learning:
a.
Positive
Interdependence
Each group member's efforts are required and indispensable
for group success
b.
Face-to-Face
Interaction
Orally explaining how to solve problems
c.
Individual
and Group Accountability
Keeping the size of the group small, the smaller the size of the group,
the greater the individual accountability may be
d.
Interpersonal
and Small-Group Skills
Social skills must be taught: leadership, decision-making, trust-building,
communication, conflict-management skills
e.
Group
Processing
Group
members discuss how well they are achieving their goals and maintaining
effective working relationships.
Class Activities that use Cooperative
Learning:
a. Jigsaw
Groups with five
students are set up
b.
Three-Step
Interview (Kagan)
Each member of a team chooses another member to be a partner
c.
Think-Pair-Share
Involves a three step cooperative structure
d.
Round
Robin Brainstorming (Kagan)
Class is divided into small groups (4 to 6) with one person appointed as
the recorder
e.
Three-minute
review
Teachers stop any time during a lecture or discussion and give teams
three minutes to review what has been said, ask clarifying questions or answer
questions
f.
Team
Pair Solo (Kagan)
Students
do problems first as a team, then with a partner, and finally on their own
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